Ideally if you want to do major underground construction—build a subway line, for instance, with tunnels and platforms and so forth—you′ll want some room to work. Maybe build before, or at least while, the city itself is being built. Certainly not long after it′s already crowded, bustling and congested. But of course, that′s not how it works in real life. Which is why three massive transport projects in New York City—a new terminal under Grand Central, a new subway line up and down the east side of Manhattan, and a revamped transit center under Fulton Street—can truly be described as exercises in extreme engineering. These multi-level, multi-stage endeavors will ease the congestion and the commuting woes of the city—but first they have to work in, around, and below the Gotham gridlock . . . without making it all worse.
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